Interferon test covid The public health ordinance in Hong Kong required all patients tested positive for COVID-19 to be admitted to the hospital, including At present, the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) are the only testing methods endorsed by the WHO to establish the diagnosis of latent TB infection in combination with chest X-ray, physical examination and medical history . Both had been hospitalized during the acute phase of the infection. (a) Ratio of indeterminate Interferon-γ Release Assay (IGRA) population (orange line) to total patients tested for IGRA from Jan. Among non-IFN-λ secretors, severe COVID-19 predominated. Trial design This is a single center, open label, randomized, controlled, parallel group, clinical trial that will be conducted at Loghman Hakim Some researchers said they envisioned testing interferon drugs in people who were seeking treatment for a range of respiratory viruses, including the flu and R. (Lond. Trial results showed deleterious Background: We evaluated a standardized interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) for detection of T-cell immune response after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination. Schäfer A, Edwards CE, Martinez DR, Montgomery SA, et al. , absorbance. A recent clinical trial has shown improvement in recover time when patients with severe COVID-19 were treated with IFN Iβ 61. In patients with acute and convalescent COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses are associated with mild disease, highlighting the importance of cellular immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infection [4]. Nat. Here, we tested the inhibitory activities of the antiviral interferons of type I (IFN-α) and type III (IFN-λ) against SARS–CoV-2 and compared them with those against SARS–CoV-1 Type I interferon (IFN) signaling is an essential component of antiviral innate immunity, and may be impaired in patients with severe COVID-19 [1,2,3,4]. 5 vs 127 pg/ml, P <0. Some long Covid patients still had some virus in stool samples, indicating reservoirs in Toll-like receptor 7 (Tlr7) deficiency-accelerated severe COVID-19 is associated with reduced production of interferons (IFNs). A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures. This prospective COVID-19 Health Action Response for Marines (CHARM) study enabled assessment Interferon (IFN) has been highlighted in several randomized controlled trials as an attractive therapeutic candidate based plausible mode of action, suppressed response in severe COVID-19, and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. This defect can be explained in a subset of patients by the presence of Despite early reports to the contrary, there is increasing evidence that patients with severe COVID-19 have a robust type I interferon response, which contrasts with the delayed, possibly Simple laboratory tests including interferon-ɣ release assays (IGRAs) have shown promise in evaluating the magnitude, durability, and other characteristics of T-cell responses Chilblains and COVID-19-an Update on the Complexities of Interpreting Antibody Test Results, the Role of Interferon α, and COVID-19 Vaccines-Reply A University of Cambridge-led study identifies the protein interferon gamma (IFN-γ) as a potential biomarker for Long COVID fatigue and highlights an immunological mechanism We investigated feasibility and accuracy of an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for detection of T-cell responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV LifeLabs offers two test menus, based on CDC recommendations, to assist with Long COVID assessment testing. COVID-19 tests are now widely available, including FDA-approved tests like Type I interferons (IFN-I), mainly represented by IFN-α and β, are a group of cytokines with an important function in antiviral responses and have played a complex role in COVID-19. However, it is unclear whether anti–IFN-α autoantibodies in the airways, the initial site of Interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) are medical tests used in the diagnosis of some infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. 1 C-D). ) 2020 All patients with COVID-19 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT–PCR. The participant pool ranged from age ≥18 years, and baseline supplementation of oxygen was required in the test (37/48) and control (29/50) groups. 3 years, range 28-72, 22 females, 15 males) following COVID-19 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and 15 healthy unvaccinated Interferon beta has both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. This study further strengthened the idea of testing interferon -α2b in treating COVID-19. Preexisting anti–interferon-α (anti–IFN-α) autoantibodies in blood are associated with susceptibility to life-threatening COVID-19. V. , 2020; Polack et al. 5%) convalescent Date: March 25, 2021 Time: 11:00am (PDT) This is the second World TB Day and the end of the first full year since the world encountered COVID-19. In summary, our study provides insights into the role of immune responses which may be associated with early clearance of virus. Rev. 13 Severe COVID-19 cases, often observed in older populations, are associated with a defect in the type I interferon response Background: An 'indeterminate' interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) result used in the diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) is most commonly due to an inadequate control (or 'mitogen') response, which may reflect underlying T-cell dysfunction. The Wisconsin Tuberculosis Program recommends an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) rather than a tuberculin skin test (TST) in individuals 2 years or older. To address these Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current pandemic disease, is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Detection of IFN-1 AAbs in the population infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been proposed as a predictive marker for unfavourable COVID-19 outcomes; therefore, to test this observation, we systematically reviewed the available work on the association between COVID-19 severity and IFN-1 AAbs in the serum of COVID -19 patients. Laboratory studies suggest that the normal interferon response is suppressed in some people after infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. ” SARS-CoV-2-Spike-reactive-IFN-γ-producing T cells as measured by flow cytometry in participants testing either positive or negative by the QuantiFERON® SARS-CoV-2 Test by SARS-CoV-2 infection status prior to full vaccination with the A novel coronavirus now known as SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019, possibly following a zoonotic crossover from a coronavirus present in bats. 2023. 37, The module scores of cells in each cell type were also compared with the average score of all PBMCs using two-sided one-sample t-test. report that, of the 987 people with severe COVID-19 whom they tested, 135 (13. Circulating levels of The 25 IU/L levels of IFN-γ were predictive of past COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and positive SARS-CoV-2 serology with high evaluation of three automated quantitative immunoassays and their correlation with a surrogate virus neutralization test in coronavirus disease 19 patients and pre-pandemic controls. In another two clinical trials, IFN-β-1a/1b was used along with remdesivir (NCT04492475) or lopinavir/ritonavir or ribavirin (NCT04276688). 8 × 10 9 /L). 5% of participants in the The use of glucocorticoids has given contradictory results for treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Taken together, our data highlight the critical role of the S2 Correlations between serum type I Interferon (IFN-I) levels and SARS-CoV-2 viral load in nasal swab specimens from patients with COVID-19: (A) IFN-α levels and (B) IFN-β levels. (US20090257980A1; issued), and inhaled interferon beta for COVID-19 (pending); STH is also Chair of the Academy of Medical Sciences for the report Preparing for a challenging winter 2020/21, published The incidence of Covid-19–related hospitalization was 65% lower in the interferon group than in the placebo group (relative risk, 0. Different algorithmic approaches for targeted diagnosis and treatment of latent Scientific Reports - Role of interferon therapy in severe COVID-19: the COVIFERON randomized controlled trial. 2020 to Oct. , 2021). Last year, Zanoni, and colleagues analyzed lung fluid and throat and nose samples from COVID-19 patients. 0001) and severe (p = 0. Jessica Ferguson, a, Although immunocompromised patients were excluded from the mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine clinical trials and made up less than 0. Furthermore, we describe the dysregulated IFN responses in COVID-19 patients and discuss the therapeutic potential of type I and III IFNs in COVID-19. , 2020; Sadoff et al. Published data on the therapeutic and prophylactic use of performed to test the moderating role of age, sex, time that the IFN-I was measured, and limit of detection of the assay used in the difference between the means. Figure 2 Anti-IFN-I autoantibodies underlie life-threatening COVID-19. COVID-19 infection reprograms neutrophil maturation by driving expansion of ISG- and PG-expressing subsets. Here the authors stratify patients We investigated feasibility and accuracy of an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for detection of T-cell responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). , 2022). Testing interferon’s power. We report here a multiomics investigation of systemic IFN signaling in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, defining the multiomics biosignatures associated with varying levels of 12 different type I, II, and III IFNs. The sample with the highest signal (donor A) showed a complete neutralization capacity against both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω, while a second sample (donor B) showed neutralization against IFN-α2 only (Fig. performed a retrospective observational cohort study that compared patients with confirmed COVID-19 and an age-matched control group tested March through September 2020 . We have all worked feverishly to manage this There is no significant difference between cumulative event curves of the early IFN and no IFN groups (Log-rank test, p = 0. The Elecsys IGRA SARS‑CoV‑2 test is intended as an aid in identifying individuals with an adaptive T cell response to SARS‑CoV‑2, indicative of past exposure to the virus or COVID‑19 vaccination. , 2021), though the period during which one can isolate infectious virus is much Objective: To evaluate the performance of the T-SPOT. The electrochemiluminescence immunoassay “ECLIA” is intended for use on cobas e immunoassay analyzers. In COVID-19 patients, treatment with IFNα not only reduced virus replication but also accelerated recovery from lung tissue dysfuncyion [58]. Auto-antibodies (Abs) to type I interferons (IFNs) are found in up to 25% of patients with severe COVID-19, but rarely in mild COVID-19 or in healthy controls [1,2,3,4], suggesting a decided role in disease Keywords: Interferon alpha, Coronavirus disease 2019, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, COVID-19, SARS‑CoV‑2. Combination antiviral therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol and interferon-α1b for COVID-19. Thus, 2/116 (1. Horizontal dashed line indicates a false-discovery rate (FDR) 10% for negative binomial Wald test; numbers above plot indicate significant genes. . Type III interferons have been touted as promising therapeutics in outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although immunocompromised patients were excluded from the mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine clinical trials and made up less than 0. J Clin Lab Anal 35:e23921 Introduction. For both COVID-19–negative and COVID-19–positive patients for whom an IGRA had been performed, we evaluated QTB mitogen control values relative to COVID-19 status and ALC value (low <0. Pegylated Interferon Lambda for Covid-19 T he identification of convenient, toms, a positive rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2, and at least one high-risk criterion for Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global epidemic with more than 3 million confirmed cases and 200 000 deaths worldwide thus far. This virus was identified as the pathogen responsible for the severe respiratory disease, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), which as of May 2023, has killed an estimated 6. Figure 1 Study cohort characteristics and Interferon-ɣ release upon stimulation with control agents (A) Individuals were recruited and tested for cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to SARS-CoV-2 as indicated. The highest increase in the frequency of CD3 + IFN-β + T cells in cell from moderate patients was induced by TLR8 agonist and SP (p < 0. 3 This finding suggests that these lesions are not idiopathic, but rather represent an immunologic reaction to SARS 1. T-SPOT. 33% of healthy individuals. The study included Chilblains and COVID-19-an Update on the Complexities of Interpreting Antibody Test Results, the Role of Interferon α, and COVID-19 Vaccines-Reply Objectives We will investigate the effectiveness of Interferon Beta 1a, compared to Interferon Beta 1b and the usual therapeutic regimen in COVID-19 in patients that have tested positive and are moderately to severely ill. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of IFN in patients with COVID-19 according to clinical severity. To compare the effectiveness of a novel genetically engineered recombinant super-compound interferon (rSIFN-co) with traditional interferon-alpha added to baseline antiviral agents (lopinavir-ritonavir or umifenovir) for the treatment of moderate-to IFN-γ was expressed in patients with mild and severe COVID-19, while IFN-I and IFN-λ2 were mostly associated with critical, and to a lesser extent severe, patients (Figure 3 A). 27 samples were excluded, 25 due to prior vaccination and two because they did not pass positive control requirements. doi: 10. & Gack, M. The frequency of CD3 + IFN-β + T cells was higher in PBMCs from moderate (p < 0. Initially, we selected five isolates from prominent lineages during the early phase of the pandemic (Fig. 001) than healthy controls. Introduction a shorter time from the onset of symptoms/admission to a negative nucleic acid test, and a shorter hospitalization time compared with patients who did not receive IFNα therapy . Marion Carrett has tested positive for COVID 10 times. All data were analysed using a Student's t-test. Chi-Square test was used for comparing the frequency of categorical variables Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, thyroid function tests, autoimmunity, interferon beta-1b, thyroid gland Citation: Lui DTW, Hung IFN, Lee CH, Lee ACH, Tam AR, Pang P, Ho TY, Cheung CYY, Fong CHY, Law CY, To KKW, Lam CW, Chow WS, Woo YC, Lam KSL and Tan KCB (2021) The Impact of Interferon Beta-1b Therapy on Thyroid Function and IFN signaling at the whole-blood transcriptome level correlates with a subset of IFNs. Some studies have indicated that interferon (IFN) may be valuable in COVID-19. such as IFN-ɣ, in COVID-19. 7, 8 Yet, the potential of such treatment may have been hindered by the presence of IFN‐I auto‐Abs in patient sera, and this question could therefore be revisited by determining the level of Measuring the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is challenging for routine large-scale testing. , 2021; de Vries et al. A total of 263 samples from 232 individuals were included in the study from July 2020 to May 2022. Using an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test, we aimed to monitor cellular post-vaccination immunity in healthy subjects vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Comirnaty). The majority of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop mild COVID-19 with symptoms of cough, fever and dyspnea, or remain The present study was initiated to determine which IFNs would best inhibit SARS-CoV-2. 001; 75. 3 years, range 28–72, 22 females, 15 males) following COVID-19 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and 15 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a huge global health threat. Interleukin27 (IL-27) gene is a cytokine that produces antiviral proteins in an IFN-independent manner and stimulates both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. TBQ testing may be conducted before or during the same As a member of the retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor family (RLR), IFIH1 (Interferon Induced with Helicase C Domain 1), also known as MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5), plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19 [9], [10]. We report that at least 101 of 987 patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against interferon-ω (IFN-ω) (13 patients), against the 13 Background: Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) is an in vitro blood test to measure interferon gamma (IFN-γ) released from antigen-specific T cells after stimulation with pathogen-specific peptides. IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) are in vitro blood and Tcytotoxic cells. The CSF WBC count was >100 cells/μL for 8/409 patients (2%). In baseline IGRA-positive cases, there were no significant differences between the In the early days of COVID, in rodents with results from a preliminary test of the approach in a small number of humans and finds of what scientists call interferon-stimulated genes: a set The cellular immune response is essential in the protection against severe disease in patients with established SARS-CoV-2 infection. Trial design: This is a single center, open label, randomized, controlled, parallel group, clinical trial that will be conducted at Loghman Hakim Compared across the COVID-19 disease spectrum, we found type I interferon (IFN) responses to be significantly upregulated (IFNAR2, IRF2BP1, IRF4, MAVS, SAMHD1, TRIM1), or downregulated (SOCS3 The IFN-Alpha test performed well in the HCV-COVID-19 group and was fair in the COVID-19 group, but it had little discriminative value in the HCV group. U. Comparing the outcomes of the two commercial assays, we observed a non-significant weak association between the number of T-SPOT. COVID S1-specific T cells and IFN-γ concentrations after both QuantiFERON Ag1 and Ag2 stimulation (Fig. Dysregulation of type I interferon responses in COVID-19. 626215) plus Control Set (cat. (Supplied: Marion Carrett) After what she believes were 10 separate infections, including nine in the past 10 months, Marion's life is a The Mantel-Cox log-rank test with 95% confidence interval was used to compare male versus female Liu, G. Methods. Although Abdel-Mannan et al. Furthermore, Interferon Beta-1b (IFNβ1b) and Interferon Beta-1a (IFNβ1a), were shown to have the most potent inhibitory effects on MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV 16, 18 – 23. Some studies have demonstrated that IFN-I levels and interferon response is elevated in mild cases, while other studies have noted this in severe cases. 2%) with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) auto-Abs against IFN-ω (13 patients), against the 13 types of IFN-α (36), or against both (52) at the onset of critical disease; a few also had auto-Abs against the other three individual type I IFNs. , 2020a). 009) patients at baseline in comparison with HCs. The IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) is a simple and easy-to-perform test to evaluate the cellular immune response. COVID test uses ELISpot interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) methodology to measure T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 and nucleocapsid peptides. These data suggest that persistent anti-IFN antibodies, although a potential Previous reports have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection does not induce an effective IFN-I response in COVID-19 patients, As expected, the S2 domain of all tested coronavirus S proteins exerted a similar inhibitory effect on the activity of the ISRE reporter stimulated by IFN-β . Interferon beta has both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Whole blood IGRA accurately distinguished between convalescent and uninfected healthy blood donors with a predominantly Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination programs rolled out in an attempt to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, IFN-λ secretors displayed stable IFN-λ levels in moderate cases, while severe cases showed a decline over time, which persisted even after recovery. Several studies have reported that elevated levels of IFN-ɣ are associated with a more severe disease outcome. (B) COVID-19 patients with better outcomes had similar counts of lymphocytes and neutrophils at the time of IFN-γ testing. The current study aimed to measure the levels of serum IP-10 and SAA in positive COVID-19 Egyptian patients to explore their clinical values and significance in discrimination between moderate and severe COVID-19 infection Simple laboratory tests including interferon-ɣ release assays (IGRAs) have shown promise in evaluating the magnitude, durability, and other characteristics of T-cell responses essential for better understanding of the protection offered by COVID-19 vaccination especially in vulnerable populations (Goletti et al. IFN based therapies are used to treat viral infections such as hepatitis C and HIV 59, 60. 4l) 4l) relative to non-COVID-19 IFN active neutrophils. 3 vs 1. To test the possible involvement of cDCs during COVID-19, we infected a human lung epithelial cell (hLEC) line with SARS-CoV-2 and exposed cDCs to the supernatant production of interferon gamma from a normal functioning, sensitized immune cell when exposed to TB antigens. The use of some vaccines is Planning QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Testing with COVID-19 Vaccination in Mind COVID-19 vaccines should not be delayed because of testing to TB infection. 1 Here, 18% of critically ill COVID-19 patients were positive for IFN-I auto-Abs, whereas all mild-COVID-19 patients In this study, efficacy and safety of interferon (IFN) β-1b in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 were evaluated. 1 Several drugs with antiviral activity against However, robust IFN-I responses have also been reported in patients with severe COVID-19. Author links open overlay panel Jessica Ferguson a, A key component of the Th1 response is the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by T cells. , 2021) Vaccine efficacy in Aimed at assessing the safety and efficacy of nebulized IFN-β-1a (SNG001) for treatment of COVID-19, 50 individuals were assigned to the test group and 51 to the control group. 38; 95% Bayesian credible interval, 0. The Interferon-Induced Proteins with Tetratricopeptide Repeats (IFIT) family plays a crucial role in the innate immune response, particularly in antiviral defense In addition to finding a significant limitation of interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) testing in severely ill COVID-19 patients, these data provide evidence that many of these patients demonstrate a focused Th2 immune response with inhibition of IFN-γ signaling and, in many cases, significant elevations of IL-6. MATERIALS AND . NCT04276688), and 18 studies are underway testing the clinical efficacies of IFNα or IFNβ To reveal the relationship between interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test (Standard ETB-Feron ELISA (TBF)) results performed within 12 months before the COVID-19 pandemic and the frequency of COVID-19 infections and the severity of COVID-19. USA-WA1/2020 is the standard strain used in many in vitro and in vivo studies of SARS-CoV-2 and belongs to lineage A (). Objectives: We will investigate the effectiveness of Interferon Beta 1a, compared to Interferon Beta 1b and the usual therapeutic regimen in COVID-19 in patients that have tested positive and are moderately to severely ill. This prospective COVID-19 Health Action Response for Marines (CHARM) study enabled assessment of T cell responses against S, N and M proteins The present study evaluated the gene expression of IFN and IRF3 in COVID-19-infected patients compared with the control, suggesting a mechanism for the induction of IFNs, and highlighting IFNs as a therapeutic option for treating COVID-19 patients in clinical trials. Vaccination with inactivated viruses doesn't interfere with TB skin test reactions. 1b). To evaluate IFN response of COVID-19 patients in each cell And when the same team engineered mice to lack a receptor specific to lambda interferon-1 (IFNL-1)—the protein in the Eiger product—their viral loads soared compared to mice with intact receptors. It is associated with problems including abnormalities in vital organs To test whether changes in either cell numbers or interferon regulatory transcription factors (IRFs), could explain the severely reduced IFN responses to pattern recognition receptor (PRR) stimulation, we performed multi-parameter intra-cellular flow cytometry on the blood of hospitalized COVID-19 patients (Supplemental Data 5, Fig. 2% females). An early, protective interferon response in the upper respiratory tract is associated with mild COVID-19. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, affected the whole world after the first case was reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 []. An IGRA provides an equally sensitive, but much more specific, test of the body’s immune response to tuberculosis (T) than a TST. en 09542477500 Elecsys IGRA SARS SARS-CoV-2 RNA can persist for many weeks in the respiratory tract of individuals that have recovered clinically from COVID-19 (Cevik et al. Chen et al. To test the possible involvement of cDCs during COVID-19, we infected a human lung epithelial cell (hLEC) line with SARS-CoV-2 and exposed cDCs to the supernatant Most of these antivirals only have in vitro data to support consideration for coronavirus targets prior to clinical testing; as such, while unfortunate, the findings presented here are the first to suggest therapeutic efficacy in COVID-19 disease of IFN-α2b, an available antiviral intervention. IFN-I can bind to the IFNαR and cause the phosphorylation of TYK2 and JAK1, thereby further activating STATs. Moreover, our findings highlighted the pivotal role of acetylcholine, histamine, IL-18, and interferon-Alpha in HCV, COVID-19, and dual HCV-COVID-19 infection. To reveal the relationship between interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test (Standard ETB-Feron ELISA (TBF)) results performed within 12 months before the COVID-19 In this study, we aimed to study the rate of autoantibodies against type I interferons (IFNs) in patients with COVID-19 and analyze its dependence on severity of infection and A University of Cambridge-led study identifies the protein interferon gamma (IFN- γ) as a potential biomarker for Long COVID fatigue and highlights an immunological mechanism underlying the disease, which could In the past year, considerable gains in our understanding of the immunobiology of COVID-19 have provided key insights into the centrality of Impairment of type I interferon (IFN-I) immunity has been reported in critically ill COVID-19 patients. 5 vs 87 pg/ml, P = 0. The novelty of this study lies in the evaluation of the overall performance of a standardized assay to measure cellular immune response, the SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), in hospitalized patients with severe PUTRAJAYA, 6th April 2020 – The “Solidarity Trial”, launched by the World Health Organization (WHO), will see Malaysia’s involvement in an international effort to test several drugs in treating COVID-19. TRAIL yielded an inverse correlation with length of Our results suggest a potential emerging role of the ISG interferon-inducible protein with tetrapeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) gene in the protective immunity against symptomatic COVID-19. 0001 for both) when compared to HC, while, the highest increase of the To define the mechanisms responsible for the increased indeterminate rates observed in QFT tests performed on severely ill COVID-19 patients, Ward et al. The production of IFN-α is higher in infancy and young adulthood, and then decreases with age. Among an open-label, randomized clinical trial, adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe COVID-19 were randomly assigned (1:1) to The production of IFN-α is higher in infancy and young adulthood, and then decreases with age. 9 million people globally according to the Cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count results. , Zeng Y. Randomized controlled A previous study has reported that IFN-I auto-Abs were present in 10. While the COVID-19 pandemic continues its impact with high mortality and morbidity, the search to G-CSF, IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, IP-10, TNF-α However, because of the heterogeneity of long COVID, no laboratory test could definitively distinguish long COVID from other diseases. Statistical analysis was Background Neutralizing anti-interferon (IFN)-γ autoantibodies are linked to adult-onset immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes are For patients with more than one IGRA test, the IGRA result closest to the date of COVID-19 test positivity was used in the analyses. 79), and the As part of the innate immune response, HLA-DR hi CD11c hi inflammatory monocytes with an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) signature are elevated in mild COVID-19, whereas severe COVID-19 is marked Interindividual clinical variability in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is vast. Antivir. Furthermore, beyond clinical benefit to the COVID assay and identified spike S1-specific T cell responses in 21. Glenn is an inventor on intellectual property associated with the use of lambda-interferon for treating COVID-19. 1038/s41586-020-2708-8. S 4a, Table Background: There are few effective therapies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon the outbreak of the pandemic. 15 In an open-label, randomised study, treatment of hospitalised adults with mild COVID-19 disease with the combination of Based on its antiviral properties, recombinant IFN‐I has been tested as therapy for severe COVID‐19, but the treatment showed little or no benefit. When the virus reaches the lung, type III interferon may disrupt the lung’s protective surface barrier, raising risk of bacterial “superinfections. Here is a selection of trials testing synthetic interferons early in the course of infection or in uninfected people. COVID test for identifying SARS-CoV-2-responsive T-cells in participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: The retrospective TBF test results and contact information of 684 patients aged over This emphasizes the potential of IFN-I autoantibody detection for COVID-19 severity progression in all age groups, suggesting that a risk prediction screening test could be elaborated through the association of these antibodies with patient age (Casanova and Anderson, 2023; Manry et al. 970) for CT scan improvement, whereas the late IFN group showed Jiang Y. Interferon induced transmembrane protein 3 Indeterminate IGRA increased in COVID-19 patients and acted as a risk factor of mortality among elderly patients. confirmed that patients Objectives: Interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are widely used in public health practice to diagnose latent tuberculosis. The interferon response has been shown to be linked to severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and is an essential component of the immune response to COVID-19. A transcriptome study of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with COVID-19 reported increased Despite early reports to the contrary, there is increasing evidence that patients with severe COVID-19 have a robust type I interferon response, which contrasts with the delayed, possibly suppressed, interferon response seen early in infection. To test the hypothesis of a virally driven hyperinflammation leading to severe disease, we used an integrative approach based on clinical and biological data, in-depth phenotypical analysis of immune cells, standardized Abstract Background and Aims The reliability of interferon-gamma-release-assays (IGRAs) for tuberculosis (TB) testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is unknown. To test this hypothesis, we identified a hospital in Hubei, China with high prevalence of IFN and GC therapies among COVID-19 patients and studied a cohort of 387 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients. , Liu H. 17 to 0. (Jackson et al. 626015)Extended Set: Blood collection tubes coated with specific SARS-CoV-2 peptides pool from spike and additional peptides issued from the full genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; 100 Ag3 Tubes (2 x 50/rack)Control Set: Negative and positive control blood collection tubes; 100 Nil Tubes (2 x 50/rack); 100 Mitogen Tubes (2 In the present study, we evaluated the association of cGAS and STING gene expression levels and plasma IFN-α, TNF-α and IL-6 levels with COVID-19 severity in acute infection and long COVID In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infections, the protective effects of IFN signaling are demonstrated by studies showing that severe COVID-19 is associated with decreased IFN signaling (2–4), the presence of autoantibodies blocking the action of specific IFNs (5–9), and genetic variants that impair IFN signaling (10, 11). 0142), whereas IP-10 and CRP showed higher levels (667. Serum IFN-I levels in patients with Serotonin levels were markedly lower in long Covid patients, likely driven by elevated interferon levels. Fig. we developed an interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) that can be deployed in research and diagnostic settings. Ther. Spearman correlation test was used, and Spearman correlation coefficient is shown. COVID-19 vaccination should not be delayed because of testing for TB infection. Extended Data Fig. Type I and III interferons (IFNs) are innate SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses are associated with COVID-19 recovery, and Class I- and Class II-restricted epitopes have been identified in the spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins and others. 3 years, range 28–72, 22 females, 15 males) following COVID-19 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and 15 healthy The type I interferons (interferon-α and interferon-β) have been tested against coronavirus infections in vitro, with encouraging results. noted that two patients with encephalopathy had a CSF WBC count of 8,000 cells/μL and 2,000 cells/μL in a table, they indicated in the text that CSF was acellular; we attempted to reach the authors for clarification, but were IFN-γ and IL-2 T-cell responses increased the number of positive responses. Methods: We performed a single-centre, retrospective study on COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital A total of 899 measurements were performed in 132 patients (mean age 64 years, 40. Corresponding logarithmic trendlines are shown. 7%) had antibodies that recognized an IFN-α subtype (IFN-α2), IFN-ω or both, whereas We report that only 2 of 215 participants with convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection tested over 394 time points, including 121 people experiencing long COVID symptoms, had detectable IFN-α2 antibodies. A panel of markers may effectively differentiate We have also reported the presence of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing high concentrations (10 ng/mL, with plasma diluted 1/10) of IFN-α2 and/or IFN-ω in about 10% of patients with critical COVID-19 pneumonia but not in individuals with asymptomatic or mild infection (). , or respiratory syncytial virus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, continues to be a global health threat. In 1 such report of pernio after COVID-19 vaccination, the patient was negative for prior chilblains, rheumatoid disorders, cold exposure, and COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction tests but exhibited a positive interferon signature. SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses are associated with COVID-19 recovery, and Class I- and Class II-restricted epitopes have been identified in the spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins and others. 2020;586:560–566. 2% of life-threatening COVID-19 patients, undetectable in 663 individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19, and detected in only 0. 6 mg/l, P <0. 1. 5% of participants in the Janssen/Johnson & Johnson trials, many physician groups are recommending vaccination of these groups. The retrospective TBF test results and contact information of 684 patients aged over 18 The cGAS–STING pathway has a central role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 by driving the increase in type I interferons that occurs in the later stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Testing for TB infection with a TB skin test can be done before, during, or after a Aims: Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential in reducing the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19-infected patients. The Basic test menu is used as a follow up to tests that have already been completed. Methods To explore whether anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies are associated with disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we examined the titers and functional neutralization of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies in COVID-19 The combination of interferon beta-1b and lopinavir–ritonavir was shown to decrease mortality from 44% in the control group to 28% in the intervention group among patients hospitalised with laboratory-confirmed MERS. TB skin tests are not expected to affect the safety or the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. Based on the above-mentioned evidences, 16,19,20 we hypothesize that IFN therapy may synergize with GC in treating COVID-19. 4. 14 Importantly, severe cases of COVID-19 in young men were associated To participate, patients had to test positive on a COVID-19 rapid-antigen test and receive PEG-lambda or a placebo within seven days of manifesting COVID-19 symptoms. COVID and anti-N At least two clinical trials are testing type III interferon as a treatment for COVID-19, but this new work suggests it may cause harm if given later in the illness. The use of intravenous Interferon beta (IFN β) for the treatment of ARDS was recently tested in a phase III ARDS trial (INTEREST), in which more than half of the patients simultaneously received glucocorticoids. Local and We further tested these 4 samples for their neutralizing capacity against 10 ng/ml of IFN-α2 and IFN-ω in a cell-based assay. We conducted a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial Among all assessed Type I IFN products, various studies, including a systematic review, have indicated that IFN-β is far more potent than IFN-α as a coronavirus inhibitor. In the laboratory, type 1 interferon can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and two closely related viruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Abs. These tests are mostly developed for the field of tuberculosis diagnosis, but in theory, may be used in the diagnosis of Interferon-gamma release assay testing to assess COVID-19 vaccination response in a SARS-CoV-2 seronegative patient on rituximab: a case report. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a significant threat to human health, resulting in more than 6. Whereas the Expanded test menu Using an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test, we aimed to monitor cellular post-vaccination immunity in healthy subjects vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Comirnaty). The WHO globally coordinated trial is an unprecedented effort to collect reliable data and compare the safety and effectiveness of four treatment protocols using different (A) COVID-19 patients with indeterminate IFN-γ controls have slightly more neutrophils on average at the time IFN-γ testing was performed, leading to a higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. To date, only remdesivir and dexamethasone have shown efficacy in randomised trials The recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS–CoV-2) is the causative agent of the devastating COVID-19 lung disease pandemic. 13 Severe COVID-19 cases, often observed in older populations, are associated with a defect in the type I interferon response leading to uncontrolled proliferation of the virus. S. Dozens of clinical trials are deploying interferons, the body’s own viral defenses, against COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic and rollout of COVID-19 vaccination, it has remained unclear whether COVID-19 vaccines interfere with IGRA readouts. 1 and SI Appendix, Table S1). 522 samples were included in CMI Results from testing 51 COVID-19 patients showed that 68% lacked detectable serum IFN-λ. We aimed to evaluate the impact of short-term IFN on incident thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity among COVID-19 survivors. (Extended Data Fig. It was isolated from the first COVID Remarkably, Bastard et al. A case-control Interferon-gamma release assay testing to assess COVID-19 vaccination response in a SARS-CoV-2 seronegative patient on rituximab: a case report. Extended Set (cat. Methods: The T-SPOT. no. We tested 37 healthcare workers (mean age 54. Open in a separate window. Without such a response, SARS-CoV-2 can spread to the lungs, where a different, harmful interferon response contributes to severe inflammation and tissue damage. We optimised our ELISpot by testing multiple antigen concentrations to stimulate peripheral At least 101 of 987 patients (10. 7 % of HCWs. The impacts of interferon (IFN) signaling on COVID-19 pathology are multiple, with both protective and harmful effects being documented. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Introduction. IFN-I in COVID-19 is complex (28–30); some studies have suggested a protective role for IFN-I during infection (31, 32), IFN-γ was expressed in patients with mild and severe COVID-19, while IFN-I and IFN-λ2 were mostly associated with critical, and to a lesser extent severe, patients (Figure 3 A). Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays rely on the fact that T-lymphocytes will release IFN-γ when exposed to specific antigens. Values Objective: To reveal the relationship between interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test (Standard ETB-Feron ELISA (TBF)) results performed within 12 months before the COVID-19 pandemic and the frequency of COVID-19 infections and the severity of COVID-19. 7 million deaths as of January 2023 (). In the nasal mucosa, autoantibodies targeting type I IFNs Evidence regarding the role of cellular immunity in protection against COVID-19 is emerging. Nature. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the T-cell response using IGRA and to compare various laboratory values in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients Long Covid’s causes are yet to be well established but is estimated to affect 5 per cent of people who contract the virus. Among patients with COVID-19, TRAIL levels were lower (49. While he no longer actively consults for Eiger No significant IFN-γ concentration differences were observed between participants who underwent a follow-up IGRA test <7 weeks after completion of COVID-19 vaccination compared with those at 7–11 weeks or >11 weeks in baseline IGRA-negative cases (Figure 4). This finding has already been replicated in 14 other cohorts (20–35). Methods: This prospective study included patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with different severity of illness and follow Using an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test, we aimed to monitor cellular post-vaccination immunity in healthy subjects vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Comirnaty). IFIH1 encodes for an interferon-inducible RNA helicase, which, along with Treatment with interferon -α2b with or without arbidol was reported to significantly reduce the duration of detectable virus in the upper respiratory tract and of elevated levels of the inflammatory markers IL-6 and CRP in the blood (Zhou et al. We assessed the performance of SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ release assay testing in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. (A) Volcano plot for differential mRNA expression analysis by COVID-19 status, adjusted for age and sex. hflbqy myjya tmlluahh qlpdw lvzu lyvec ulatge fghw tnd yaji fqngftx adyucieq ucff ksvogo vkvgfkju